90029 strain biofilm  (ATCC)

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro

doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibits biofilm formation. Biofilm scratch assay. 24 h formed biofilms were scratched (T0) and then incubated for additional 24 h in absence (control, DMSO) or presence of treatments at different concentrations (MIC, 1/2 MIC, 2xMIC). After this period, scratched area was quantified and compared with T0. Bars represent the quantification of the healing of the wound area (mean + SD, n = 3), expressed as the percentage relative to T0. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 with respect to control (vehicle, DMSO); ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 with respect to the indicated bar (two-way ANOVA). O-EO: Origanum essential oil

Article Snippet: The graphs show the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments The combination assays showed that in the ATCC 90029 strain biofilm, there was a clear synergy between O-EO and both fluconazole and nystatin after 24 h. The heatmaps (ATCC 90029, left) for both drugs showed that most combinations appeared to be synergistic.

Techniques: Wound Healing Assay, Incubation

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro

doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil combined with fluconazole and nystatin on the viability of biofilms. The effects of the combination of O-EO with fluconazole (upper row) and nystatin (lower row) on cell viability were measured using the MTT reduction assay in two C. albicans strains : ATCC 90029 (left panels) and ATCC 10231 (right panels). Preformed biofilms (24 h) were exposed to the different drugs for 24 h. Seven concentrations were mixed in every possible combination to obtain an effect matrix plotted with the Combenefit software. The graphs at the left of each panel represent a XYZ model of the combination and is analyzed according to Loewe’s model of drug additivity. At the right of each graph is the matrix of combinations that shows the differences between the theoretical combinations and empirical data by a number generated for each point. Positive numbers are given for synergistic combinations, whereas negative numbers indicate antagonism. Color code indicates statistical significance of the difference between theorical and empirical model (Student’s t-test). * p < 0.05. The graphs show the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments

Article Snippet: The graphs show the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments The combination assays showed that in the ATCC 90029 strain biofilm, there was a clear synergy between O-EO and both fluconazole and nystatin after 24 h. The heatmaps (ATCC 90029, left) for both drugs showed that most combinations appeared to be synergistic.

Techniques: MTT Reduction Assay, Software, Generated, Standard Deviation

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro

doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibits biofilm formation. Biofilm scratch assay. 24 h formed biofilms were scratched (T0) and then incubated for additional 24 h in absence (control, DMSO) or presence of treatments at different concentrations (MIC, 1/2 MIC, 2xMIC). After this period, scratched area was quantified and compared with T0. Bars represent the quantification of the healing of the wound area (mean + SD, n = 3), expressed as the percentage relative to T0. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 with respect to control (vehicle, DMSO); ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 with respect to the indicated bar (two-way ANOVA). O-EO: Origanum essential oil

Article Snippet: The effect of O-EO was similar to that of nystatin against the ATCC 90029 strain biofilms ( p > 0.05), but the IC 50 value was significantly lower than that of nystatin for ATCC 10231 (2.8 mg/L O-EO vs. 15.2 mg/L nystatin, p < 0.0001).

Techniques: Wound Healing Assay, Incubation

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Origanum vulgare L. essential oil inhibits virulence patterns of Candida spp. and potentiates the effects of fluconazole and nystatin in vitro

doi: 10.1186/s12906-022-03518-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil combined with fluconazole and nystatin on the viability of biofilms. The effects of the combination of O-EO with fluconazole (upper row) and nystatin (lower row) on cell viability were measured using the MTT reduction assay in two C. albicans strains : ATCC 90029 (left panels) and ATCC 10231 (right panels). Preformed biofilms (24 h) were exposed to the different drugs for 24 h. Seven concentrations were mixed in every possible combination to obtain an effect matrix plotted with the Combenefit software. The graphs at the left of each panel represent a XYZ model of the combination and is analyzed according to Loewe’s model of drug additivity. At the right of each graph is the matrix of combinations that shows the differences between the theoretical combinations and empirical data by a number generated for each point. Positive numbers are given for synergistic combinations, whereas negative numbers indicate antagonism. Color code indicates statistical significance of the difference between theorical and empirical model (Student’s t-test). * p < 0.05. The graphs show the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments

Article Snippet: The effect of O-EO was similar to that of nystatin against the ATCC 90029 strain biofilms ( p > 0.05), but the IC 50 value was significantly lower than that of nystatin for ATCC 10231 (2.8 mg/L O-EO vs. 15.2 mg/L nystatin, p < 0.0001).

Techniques: MTT Reduction Assay, Software, Generated, Standard Deviation